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Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
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[Do we all suffer from imposter syndrome?]

Florent Augros1, Vanessa Kraege2,3, Marie Méan1

  • 1Service de médecine interne, Département de médecine interne, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|November 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Imposture syndrome, a common psychological experience for physicians and students, involves doubting achievements despite evidence. Recognizing this syndrome is key to prevention and mitigating its severe consequences like anxiety and burnout.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Medical Education

Context:

  • Imposture syndrome is prevalent in medical professionals and students.
  • It is characterized by persistent self-doubt and fear of exposure despite success.

Purpose:

  • To define imposture syndrome and its characteristics.
  • To highlight the potential negative impacts on well-being.
  • To introduce the Clance scale for assessment.

Summary:

  • Imposture syndrome involves doubting one's abilities and achievements, leading to fear of being discovered as a fraud.
  • This psychological pattern can result in significant distress, including anxiety, depression, and burnout.
  • The Clance scale is a tool to measure the severity of imposture feelings and associated suffering.

Impact:

  • Facilitates early recognition of imposture syndrome among healthcare professionals.
  • Provides a foundation for developing targeted interventions and support systems.
  • Contributes to improved mental health and well-being within the medical community.