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Relationship Between Alcohol Use and Firearm-Involved Suicide: Findings From the National Violent Death Reporting
Kawon V Kim1, Jürgen Rehm2, Mark S Kaplan3
1Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|November 24, 2023
Summary
Acute alcohol intoxication increases firearm suicide risk in males of all ages and younger/middle-aged females. Interventions addressing alcohol misuse could reduce firearm suicide deaths.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Acute alcohol intoxication is a known risk factor for suicide.
- Firearm-involved suicides represent a significant portion of overall suicide deaths.
- Limited data exists on how age and sex influence the relationship between alcohol intoxication and firearm suicide.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the specific relationship between alcohol intoxication and firearm suicide across different age groups and sexes.
- To provide a detailed analysis of sex- and age-specific risks associated with alcohol intoxication in firearm suicides.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (2003-2020).
- Included suicide decedents aged 18 years and older.
- Conducted age-group- and sex-specific multivariate binary logistic regression analyses.
Main Results:
- Alcohol intoxication was significantly associated with firearm suicide in young (18-34) and middle-aged (35-64) females.
- The association was significant across all age groups for males (young, middle-aged, and older).
- No significant association was found between alcohol intoxication and firearm suicide in older females (65+).
Conclusions:
- Alcohol intoxication is linked to a higher risk of suicide by firearm among males of all ages and younger/middle-aged females.
- Firearm suicide is an extremely lethal method, and alcohol intoxication exacerbates this risk.
- Public health interventions targeting excessive alcohol consumption may be crucial for reducing suicide mortality.
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