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Different immunological responses following immunization with two mRNA vaccines
Tetsuo Nakayama1, Reiko Todaka1, Akihito Sawada1
1Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ömura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
Summary
mRNA-1273 vaccines generated stronger neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and broader cross-reactivity against COVID-19 variants compared to BNT162b2. Booster doses enhanced antibody and cytokine production in both vaccine groups.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Virology
Background:
- Investigated immunological responses to BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccines.
- Assessed neutralizing antibody (NAb) and cytokine production post-immunization.
Purpose of the Study:
- Compare the immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273.
- Evaluate antibody and cytokine responses over time and against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Main Methods:
- Measured NAb titers at multiple time points after primary and booster doses.
- Assayed cytokine production (Th1, Th2, inflammatory) using whole-blood culture stimulated with spike antigen.
Main Results:
- mRNA-1273 showed higher NAb titers and broader cross-reactivity against Delta and Omicron variants.
- mRNA-1273 induced more robust Th1, Th2, and inflammatory cytokine responses.
- Booster doses significantly enhanced NAb and cytokine levels; asymptomatic infection also boosted responses.
Conclusions:
- mRNA-1273 elicits superior NAb responses and cross-variant reactivity.
- mRNA-1273 demonstrates enhanced cytokine induction compared to BNT162b2.
- Both vaccines benefit from booster doses, and infection further augments immune responses.
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