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Lipid Profile in Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Justyna Zamojska1, Katarzyna Niewiadomska-Jarosik1, Beata Kierzkowska1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland.

Nutrients
|November 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) exhibit an abnormal lipid profile in early childhood, increasing cardiovascular disease risk. This occurs even without overweight or obesity, highlighting the need for early monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Risk Factors
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Lipid disorders are significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Early identification of metabolic abnormalities in children is crucial for long-term health.
  • Children born small for gestational age (SGA) may face unique health challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the lipid profile in Polish children born small for gestational age (SGA) during early childhood.
  • To compare lipid profiles between SGA children and a control group.
  • To investigate potential differences in metabolic factors based on the type of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 140 children aged 5-11 years (93 SGA, 47 controls).
  • Physical examinations and laboratory blood tests for glucose and lipid profiles were conducted.
  • SGA children were categorized into symmetrical and asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) subgroups.

Main Results:

  • SGA children had significantly higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol levels compared to controls.
  • SGA children exhibited lower HDL cholesterol levels.
  • While weight and BMI did not differ, SGA children showed higher fasting glucose concentrations, particularly those with symmetrical IUGR.

Conclusions:

  • Children born SGA present with an abnormal lipid profile in early childhood, irrespective of their weight or BMI.
  • This altered lipid profile in SGA children may predispose them to cardiovascular diseases later in life.
  • Early childhood metabolic screening is essential for SGA populations to mitigate future health risks.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrencholesterollipid profilesmall for gestational age

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