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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
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Preceramic Polymers for Additive Manufacturing of Silicate Ceramics.

Fateme Sarraf1,2, Sergey V Churakov2,3, Frank Clemens1

  • 1Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Polymers
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preceramic polymers (PCPs) enable the creation of advanced polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) with superior properties. Additive manufacturing with PCPs allows for complex ceramic structures, ideal for demanding industries.

Keywords:
3D printadditive manufacturingpolysilsesquioxanepreceramic polymersilicate

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Ceramic Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Preceramic polymers (PCPs) are gaining attention for synthesizing advanced oxide and non-oxide ceramics.
  • Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) exhibit excellent thermal stability, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and dielectric properties.
  • Additive manufacturing (AM) offers novel routes to fabricate complex ceramic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various preceramic polymers for PDC synthesis.
  • To highlight the use of polysiloxanes and polysilsesquioxanes for silicate ceramics.
  • To discuss additive manufacturing techniques for polymer-derived silicate ceramics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preceramic polymers and their applications.
  • Focus on polysiloxane and polysilsesquioxane-based ceramic synthesis.
  • Examination of additive manufacturing processes for PDCs.

Main Results:

  • PDCs offer a versatile platform for high-performance ceramic materials.
  • Polysiloxanes and polysilsesquioxanes are key precursors for silicate ceramics.
  • AM techniques facilitate the production of intricate PDC components.

Conclusions:

  • PCPs are crucial for developing advanced PDCs with tailored properties.
  • Additive manufacturing significantly expands the design and application possibilities for PDCs.
  • This review provides insights into precursor selection and fabrication methods for polymer-derived silicate ceramics.