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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

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Covert and overt automatic imitation are correlated.

Emiel Cracco1, Oliver Genschow2, Marcel Brass3

  • 1Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Belgium. emiel.cracco@ugent.be.

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|November 27, 2023
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Summary

This study found that covert and overt measures of automatic imitation correlate when assessed within the same task. This supports the idea that both imitation measures reflect the same underlying cognitive construct.

Keywords:
Automatic imitationGaze followingValidity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Theoretical models of imitation often assume covert and overt measures reflect the same construct.
  • Empirical evidence for this assumption is limited, with one prior study finding no correlation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between covert and overt measures of automatic imitation.
  • To determine if both measures tap into the same underlying cognitive construct.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of data from a virtual reality study using gaze following.
  • Automatic imitation was indexed using both overt and covert measures within a single task.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between covert and overt measures of automatic imitation.
  • This correlation was observed when both measures were obtained from the same task.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis that covert and overt automatic imitation measures reflect a shared underlying construct.
  • This reconciles previous conflicting findings by emphasizing the importance of task design.