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Related Concept Videos

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions01:27

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

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Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
Ball and Socket Joint is one of the supports allowing free rotation about any axis. This freedom of rotation is...
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Singularity Functions for Bending Moment01:18

Singularity Functions for Bending Moment

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Singularity functions simplify the representation of bending moments in beams subjected to discontinuous loading, allowing the use of a single mathematical expression. For a supported beam AB, with uniform loading from its midpoint M to the right side end B, the approach involves conceptual 'cuts' at specific points to determine the bending moment in each segment. By cutting the beam at a point between A and M, the bending moment for the segment before reaching midpoint M is represented...
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Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Bending and Torsional Moments01:20

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Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
The reaction developed in a structural element when subjected to an external force causes the element to bend. When a structural element bends upwards, it creates compressive normal forces on the top and tensile normal forces on the bottom, resulting in a couple that determines the bending...
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Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis01:15

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery
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Hingeless arm for space robotics actuated through shape memory alloys.

Tiziana Biasutti1, Daniela Rigamonti1, Emanuele Casciaro1

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Bioinspiration & Biomimetics
|November 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel, hinge-less borescope for space applications using biomimetic design. The flexible composite structure with embedded NiTi wires enables inspection in difficult-to-access areas.

Keywords:
NiTiNOLcomposite materialscontinuous structuresflexibilityminimum weightshape memory alloys

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Space Engineering
  • Biomimetic Design
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Remote operation and flexible robots are crucial for space exploration.
  • Current designs face limitations in accessing confined or complex extraterrestrial environments.
  • Astronaut extravehicular activities are limited by weight and bulk constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a novel, hinge-less borescope for space applications.
  • To leverage biomimetic principles for enhanced flexibility and maneuverability.
  • To minimize weight and bulk for efficient space deployment.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a continuous backbone exoskeleton using fiber-reinforced composite material.
  • Integrated Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) wires as embedded tendons for actuation.
  • Utilized finite element analysis for design optimization and prototype testing.

Main Results:

  • Prototypes demonstrated significant bending capabilities for extended reach.
  • The structure maintained sufficient rigidity for effective NiTi wire actuation.
  • Optimized design parameters, wire configuration, and manufacturing techniques were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The biomimetic borescope design offers a promising solution for in-space inspection tasks.
  • The combination of composite materials and NiTi actuators provides a lightweight and flexible robotic system.
  • Further development can enhance capabilities for challenging space exploration missions.