Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Babies: A 12-Month Observational Study

Area of Science:

• Neonatal Medicine
• Developmental Pediatrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Preterm birth is a global health concern linked to significant short- and long-term infant morbidity.
• Neonatal intensive care improves survival but neurodevelopmental challenges persist, including motor, cognitive, and behavioral disabilities.
• Early neurodevelopmental assessment is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes in high-risk infants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To estimate the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.
• To identify factors influencing neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
• To detect at-risk groups and recommend early intervention for developmental delays.

Main Methods:

• Prospective, observational study of preterm neonates admitted to NICU/SNCU.
• Follow-up at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months corrected gestational age (CGA).
• Utilized the Baroda Developmental Screening Tool (BDST) for developmental quotient (DQ) assessment.

Main Results:

• 13% of 62 followed preterm infants showed developmental delays at 12 months CGA, primarily early preterm infants.
• 20% were delayed at 3 months CGA, with half showing catch-up development.
• Improved neurodevelopment was associated with higher maternal education and socioeconomic status; no sex difference observed.

Conclusions:

• Preterm infants, particularly early preterm, exhibit poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes post-NICU discharge.
• Maternal education and socioeconomic status positively influence neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
• Regular follow-up, early screening (BDST), and intervention are vital for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes.