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The suprapatellar fat pad: A histotopographic comparative study.

Elena Stocco1,2, Martina Contran1, Chiara Giulia Fontanella3,4

  • 1Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.

Journal of Anatomy
|November 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals distinct morphological differences between the suprapatellar and infrapatellar fat pads, impacting knee biomechanics and potentially osteoarthritis development. Understanding these anatomical variations is key to a comprehensive view of knee joint health.

Keywords:
adipocytesextracellular matrixinfrapatellar fat padkneemicroscopic anatomymorphometrysuprapatellar fat pad

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Area of Science:

  • Histotopography
  • Anatomy
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The role of the suprapatellar fat pad in osteoarthritis is debated.
  • Anatomical structure often dictates biological function.
  • Comparative analysis of knee fat pads is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histotopographic and morphological differences between the suprapatellar fat pad and infrapatellar fat pad.
  • To compare tissue characteristics, including vessels, nerve endings, adipocytes, and extracellular matrix proteins.
  • To understand how these differences may influence knee biomechanics and osteoarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Histotopographic and immunohistochemical analysis of suprapatellar and infrapatellar fat pad samples.
  • Transmission electron microscopy and multiphoton microscopy for detailed structural evaluation.
  • Collagen fiber orientation analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (coherency calculation).

Main Results:

  • Suprapatellar and infrapatellar fat pads share similarities in vascularization and innervation but differ in adipocyte morphology.
  • Suprapatellar fat pad adipocytes are smaller, while the infrapatellar fat pad has higher collagen type III and overall collagen content.
  • Infrapatellar fat pad exhibits greater stiffness due to distinct collagen distribution and fiber orientation.

Conclusions:

  • The suprapatellar fat pad and infrapatellar fat pad possess unique morphological characteristics influenced by their anatomical location.
  • These topographical differences contribute to distinct mechanical properties, with the infrapatellar fat pad being stiffer.
  • Findings offer insights into the complex role of adipose tissue in knee osteoarthritis, extending beyond cartilage considerations.