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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Connectome-wide structure-function coupling models implicate polysynaptic alterations in autism.

Bo-Yong Park1, Oualid Benkarim2, Clara F Weber2

  • 1McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Data Science, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Statistics and Data Science, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea.

Neuroimage
|December 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves atypical brain network communication. This study found that complex, polysynaptic pathways are less accurately modeled in ASD brains, particularly in higher-order association areas, linking these differences to symptom severity.

Keywords:
AutismDiffusion timeStructure-function couplingSynaptic communication

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by alterations in brain structure and function.
  • Understanding the relationship between structural connectivity and functional brain activity in ASD is crucial for elucidating its underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structure-function coupling in the brains of individuals with ASD using multimodal neuroimaging.
  • To explore the role of mono- and polysynaptic communication pathways in ASD-related network alterations.
  • To determine how differences in structure-function coupling relate to autistic symptoms and cognitive abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) II dataset (80 ASD, 61 controls).
  • Employed a Riemannian optimization procedure to predict intrinsic functional connectivity from structural connectivity, modeling signal propagation over varying time scales.
  • Analyzed prediction accuracy differences (∆prediction accuracy) between ASD and neurotypical controls across different brain regions and network hierarchies.

Main Results:

  • Improved structure-function prediction was observed at longer diffusion time scales in both groups, highlighting the importance of polysynaptic mechanisms.
  • Prediction accuracy differences between ASD and controls were more pronounced in transmodal association networks compared to sensory/motor systems.
  • Structure-function coupling differences correlated with individual variations in autistic symptom severity, verbal, and non-verbal intelligence.

Conclusions:

  • Atypical structure-function coupling, particularly involving polysynaptic pathways, is a key feature of autism spectrum disorder.
  • Network modeling reveals that impaired polysynaptic communication contributes to the neurobiological underpinnings of ASD.
  • These findings offer insights into the heterogeneity of ASD symptoms and cognitive profiles.