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Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Juliana Cazzaniga¹, Cesar E Jara Silva², Jonathan Quinonez^2,3

¹Neurology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA.

|December 4, 2023

Summary

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can present atypically, mimicking other conditions like Wernicke's encephalopathy. Early consideration of NMOSD is vital for accurate diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:

autoimmune neurological disease brain anatomy neurology and critical care neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder wernicke's encephalopathy

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Neurology

Background:

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease targeting aquaporin-4 (AQP4) protein, causing optic neuritis and transverse myelitis.
Atypical presentations can complicate diagnosis, leading to potential misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Observation:

A 39-year-old female presented with somnolence and eyelid heaviness, initially misdiagnosed as myasthenia gravis.
MRI revealed findings suggestive of Wernicke's encephalopathy, but thiamine deficiency was absent.
Positive AQP4 antibodies confirmed a diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) encephalitis.

Findings:

The patient's presentation highlighted the challenge of diagnosing NMOSD with atypical symptoms and misleading MRI findings.
West Nile virus IgG was detected, but AQP4 antibodies were definitive for NMO encephalitis.

Implications:

This case emphasizes the need to consider NMOSD in differential diagnoses, even with atypical symptoms and MRI findings mimicking other neurological conditions.
Prompt recognition and treatment of NMOSD are crucial for preventing mismanagement and improving patient prognosis.