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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a severe psychiatric condition involving preoccupation with perceived appearance flaws.
  • Current BDD research focuses on cognitive, behavioral, and visual perceptual disturbances.
  • Interoception, or perception of the internal body, is increasingly recognized as a transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel framework for understanding BDD through the lens of interoception.
  • To integrate interoceptive mechanisms into existing models of hierarchical brain function and predictive processing.
  • To stimulate new research directions for BDD focusing on internal body perception.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an established model of hierarchical brain function and neural predictive processing.
  • Applying predictive processing principles to explain the role of interoception in BDD.
  • Synthesizing clinical observations with theoretical frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Proposes that BDD involves defective interoception.
  • Suggests perceived appearance flaws result from 'interoceptive prediction errors'.
  • Posits that these errors lead to body parts feeling 'not just right'.

Conclusions:

  • Defective interoception offers a new perspective on the etiology of BDD.
  • Interoceptive prediction errors may underlie the characteristic preoccupations in BDD.
  • This framework calls for future research into interoceptive mechanisms in BDD.