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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
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Systemic Involvement in Immunoglobulin G4-Related Ophthalmic Disease.

Kenneth K H Lai1,2, Fatema Mohamed Ali Abdulla Aljufairi2,3, Jake Uy Sebastian2,4

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
|December 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) frequently involves multiple organs, with 95% of patients showing systemic involvement. Early assessment and imaging are crucial for diagnosing IgG4-ROD and its widespread effects.

Keywords:
Immunoglobulin G4immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic diseasesystemic involvement

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) presents with diverse ocular and systemic symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • Understanding the full extent of IgG4-ROD is critical for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the systemic involvement in a Chinese cohort of patients diagnosed with IgG4-ROD.
  • To identify clinical, serological, and radiological associations within this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of a territory-wide, biopsy-proven Chinese cohort of 122 IgG4-ROD patients.
  • Analysis of medical records, orbital imaging, histopathology, and extra-orbital imaging (CT, MRI, PET).

Main Results:

  • 75% of patients showed radiologically confirmed extra-orbital involvement across multiple organs (lymph nodes, salivary glands, lungs, kidneys most common).
  • Serum eosinophilia correlated with increased organ involvement, while deep organ involvement was linked to older age at onset.
  • Allergic diseases and paranasal sinusitis were common comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence (95%) of systemic organ involvement was observed in patients undergoing imaging.
  • Early physician assessment and radiological imaging are recommended following IgG4-ROD diagnosis to detect systemic disease.