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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

184
Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

202
Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Correlative Optical Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Imaging Methodology to Visualise Drug Distribution in a Soft Tissue Section
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Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy: A Review of Recent Advances in Parallelisation and Depth Discrimination Techniques.

Edward James1, Peter R T Munro1

  • 1Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measures real-time cerebral blood flow. Recent advancements enhance DCS signal-to-noise ratio, imaging depth, and spatial resolution for clinical and neuroscience applications.

Keywords:
cerebral blood flowdiffuse correlation spectroscopylaser speckle

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a non-invasive optical technique for real-time cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement.
  • DCS has significant potential in clinical monitoring and neuroscience research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent technological advancements in DCS.
  • To assess limitations and guide future innovations in DCS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent DCS improvement strategies including multispeckle, long wavelength, interferometric, depth discrimination, time-of-flight resolution, and acousto-optic detection.
  • Exhaustive appraisal of these advancements.

Main Results:

  • Multiple strategies are being investigated to enhance DCS performance.
  • These advancements aim to improve signal-to-noise ratio, imaging depth, and spatial resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Recent innovations offer pathways to overcome current DCS limitations.
  • Future DCS implementations will benefit from these technological improvements for enhanced clinical and research utility.