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Related Concept Videos

Muscle Coordination and Action01:24

Muscle Coordination and Action

Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement.
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The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...

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Related Experiment Video

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Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand
06:44

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Human motor augmentation with an extra robotic arm without functional interference.

Giulia Dominijanni1, Daniel Leal Pinheiro1,2, Leonardo Pollina1

  • 1Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Science Robotics
|December 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new pipeline and multimodal human-machine interface (HMI) for controlling extra robotic arms (XRAs). The HMI, using gaze and breathing, allows proficient XRA control without hindering natural movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Extra robotic arms (XRAs) offer potential for daily activities but present sensorimotor control challenges.
  • Existing human-machine interfaces (HMIs) may hinder users' natural functions when controlling XRAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a pipeline for identifying suitable HMIs for XRA control.
  • To assess a multimodal motor HMI based on gaze and diaphragmatic respiration for controlling XRAs.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a modular neurorobotic platform with virtual reality and an upper limb exoskeleton.
  • Assessed a multimodal HMI using gaze detection and diaphragmatic respiration.
  • Evaluated control of virtual and wearable XRAs with naïve and experienced users.

Main Results:

  • The proposed HMI effectively controls XRAs independently or coordinated with biological limbs.
  • Performance improved with training and showed learning retention.
  • Haptic feedback did not enhance performance.
  • Experienced users outperformed naïve users by 22.2%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed pipeline and HMI are viable for controlling XRAs.
  • Virtual reality-based training and testing are effective for XRAs.
  • The HMI allows proficient XRA control without interfering with natural functions.