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Highly efficient nonlinear vortex beam generation by using a compact nonlinear fork grating.

Yangfeifei Yang, Hao Li, Haigang Liu

    Optics Letters
    |December 15, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed a compact nonlinear fork grating using UV photolithography and ICP etching for efficient generation of vortex beams. This method achieves high normalized nonlinear conversion efficiency, enabling new possibilities in optical manipulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Vortex beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) are crucial for applications like optical trapping, communications, and quantum optics.
    • Nonlinear generation of vortex beams allows access to new wavelengths for all-optical switching and manipulation.
    • Existing nonlinear vortex beam generation methods face challenges with low efficiency and limited integration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a compact and highly efficient method for nonlinear vortex beam generation.
    • To overcome the limitations of previous nonlinear vortex beam generation techniques.
    • To enable precise control over vortex beam properties through advanced fabrication.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized ultraviolet photolithography-assisted inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching to fabricate a nonlinear fork grating.
    • Precisely controlled the grating structure's depth via etching time.
    • Demonstrated nonlinear generation of vortex beams with topological charges l = ±1, ±2, ±3.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a normalized nonlinear conversion efficiency of 189% W⁻¹cm⁻² for generated vortex beams.
    • Successfully generated vortex beams with multiple topological charges in the far field.
    • Fabricated a compact nonlinear fork grating with precisely controlled depth.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed nonlinear fork grating offers an efficient and compact solution for nonlinear vortex beam generation and manipulation.
    • The fabrication technique is suitable for timesaving, large-area production of nonlinear functional devices.
    • This advancement opens new avenues for all-optical switching and manipulation using vortex beams at new wavelengths.