Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for rare-event searches

Area of Science:

• Astroparticle physics
• Rare-event searches
• Cosmology

Background:

• Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers (Xe-TPCs) are leading detectors for dark matter and rare event searches.
• Current experiments utilize multi-tonne scale detectors with low energy thresholds and minimal background noise.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the principles and capabilities of dual-phase Xe-TPCs.
• To discuss current and future experiments, including technological challenges.
• To explore sensitivity to dark matter, weak decays, and neutrinos.

Main Methods:

• Review of xenon properties as a detection medium.
• Explanation of dual-phase Xe-TPC operation, calibration, and resolution.
• Analysis of experimental status and future project roadmaps.

Main Results:

• Dual-phase Xe-TPCs offer high sensitivity for ultra-rare interactions.
• Experiments achieve multi-tonne scales, keV energy thresholds, and low background rates.
• Demonstrated stable operation over extended periods.

Conclusions:

• Dual-phase Xe-TPCs are crucial for exploring new physics frontiers.
• Ongoing advancements push the limits of sensitivity in astroparticle physics.
• These detectors promise profound insights into the cosmos and fundamental physics.