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Validation of single reference variable flip angle (SR-VFA) dynamic T₁ mapping with T₂ * correction using a novel

Michael A Malmberg^1,2, Henrik Odéen², Lorne W Hofstetter³

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|December 20, 2023

Summary

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Single reference variable flip angle (SR-VFA) T₁ mapping, with T₂ * correction, accurately measures T₁ values within 10% of inversion recovery (IR) reference measurements. This method shows promise for dynamic T₁ mapping in MRI applications.

Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Quantitative MRI
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Accurate T₁ mapping is crucial for various MRI applications, including tissue characterization and contrast agent quantification.
Traditional T₁ mapping techniques can be time-consuming or susceptible to artifacts.
Dynamic T₁ mapping offers the potential for improved temporal resolution in imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate single reference variable flip angle (SR-VFA) dynamic T₁ mapping against inversion recovery (IR) T₁ measurements.
To assess the impact of T₂ * correction on the accuracy of SR-VFA T₁ mapping.
To evaluate the performance of SR-VFA T₁ mapping under varying rotational speeds and echo times (TEs).

Main Methods:

Keywords:

MRI-compatible motor accuracy and precision agar phantom dynamic T1 mapping quantitative T1 mapping single reference variable flip angle

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A custom agar phantom with a spatial gradient of T₁ relaxation rates was used.
Inversion recovery (IR) T₁, variable flip angle (VFA) T₁, and B₁⁺ measurements were acquired.
Multi-echo stack-of-radial dynamic images were acquired during phantom rotation, and B₁⁺-corrected SR-VFA and SR-VFA-T₂ * T₁ maps were computed and compared to IR T₁ maps.

Main Results:

Both VFA and SR-VFA-T₂ * T₁ maps achieved accuracy within 10% of IR T₁ measurements at low rotational speeds (mean accuracy: 2.3% ± 2.6% and 2.8% ± 2.6%, respectively).
Increasing rotational speed reduced accuracy due to temporal smoothing, particularly where T₁ slope was non-constant.
T₂ * correction consistently improved the accuracy and precision of SR-VFA T₁ maps, especially at later echo times.

Conclusions:

SR-VFA-T₂ * dynamic T₁ mapping demonstrates accuracy within 10% of reference IR T₁ measurements in an agar phantom.
The method is sensitive to rotational speed and echo time, with T₂ * correction enhancing performance.
Further validation in mixed fat-water phantoms and in vivo is warranted.