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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

418
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
418
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

375
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
375
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

958
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
958
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

487
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
487
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

636
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
636
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

434
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
434

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
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Local and Systemic Side Effects of Corticosteroid Injections for Musculoskeletal Indications.

Sarah I Kamel1, Humberto G Rosas2, Tetyana Gorbachova3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|December 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Corticosteroid injections for musculoskeletal issues can cause local and systemic side effects. Radiologists must counsel patients on these risks, including skin changes, infection, and bone issues, to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Keywords:
corticosteroidhyperglycemiamusculoskeletal injectionskin atrophytendon weakening

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Area of Science:

  • Musculoskeletal Radiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Corticosteroid injections are common for musculoskeletal conditions.
  • Potential side effects necessitate careful patient counseling and injection planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review local and systemic side effects of corticosteroid injections for musculoskeletal indications.
  • To inform radiologists on patient counseling and injection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of evidence on corticosteroid injection side effects.
  • Classification of side effects as local/systemic and immediate/delayed.

Main Results:

  • Local side effects: postinjection flare, skin changes, infection, tendon rupture, osteoarthritis progression, osseous injury.
  • Systemic side effects: adrenal suppression, flushing, hypertension, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis.
  • Contraindications include infection, fracture, or prosthetic joint.

Conclusions:

  • Radiologists must counsel patients on corticosteroid injection risks.
  • Specific populations require targeted counseling.
  • Further research on long-term osseous effects is needed.