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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Differentially expressed miRNAs associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Esra Guzeldemir-Akcakanat1, Deniz Sunnetci-Akkoyunlu2, V Merve Balta-Uysal3

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, 41190 Basiskele, Kocaeli, Turkey. esragd@yahoo.com.

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|December 20, 2023
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Summary

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles differ significantly in periodontitis patients. These findings highlight specific miRNAs as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for this chronic inflammatory gum disease.

Keywords:
Aggressive periodontitisEpigeneticsGingivaInflammationMicroRNAsPeriodontitis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease impacting periodontal attachment integrity.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression with potential roles in disease pathogenesis.
  • Identifying miRNA expression profiles can offer insights into disease mechanisms and biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize miRNA expression profiles in individuals with aggressive periodontitis.
  • To identify specific miRNAs dysregulated in periodontitis tissues.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for periodontitis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gingival tissue samples from 25 periodontitis patients and 25 controls.
  • miRNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
  • Utilized miRTarBase and literature mining to identify relevant miRNAs, including hsa-miR-185-5p, hsa-miR-17, hs-miR-146a, hs-miR-146b, hs-miR-155, hs-miR-203, hs-miR-205, hs-miR-223, and hsa-miR-21-3p.

Main Results:

  • Upregulated expression of hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-203b-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-146b-5p, and hsa-miR-155-5p in periodontitis.
  • Downregulated expression of hsa-miR-185-5p, hsa-miR-21-3p, and hsa-miR-17-3p in periodontitis.
  • Significant differences in miRNA expression correlate with the inflammatory state in periodontitis.

Conclusions:

  • Specific miRNAs show distinct expression patterns in periodontitis, indicating their involvement in the inflammatory process.
  • The identified miRNAs, such as MZB1, influence immune responses and cellular processes relevant to periodontitis.
  • Dysregulated miRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for managing periodontitis and its associated inflammation.