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Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2020
Alyssa Golden1, Averil Griffith1, Walter Demczuk1
1National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.
Summary
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence declined in Canada in 2020. However, prevalence of certain vaccine-type and non-vaccine type serotypes, alongside multidrug resistance, increased, necessitating ongoing surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a significant public health concern in Canada.
- While conjugate vaccines have reduced overall IPD incidence, shifts in serotype distribution towards non-vaccine types are observed.
- This report details IPD demographics, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance in Canada for 2020.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the epidemiological characteristics of IPD in Canada in 2020.
- To analyze serotype distribution and trends in IPD cases.
- To assess antimicrobial resistance patterns among IPD isolates.
Main Methods:
- National surveillance data for IPD isolates were collected from Canadian public health laboratories in 2020.
- Serotyping was performed using the Quellung reaction.
- Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined, and incidence rates were calculated using the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System.
Main Results:
- Overall IPD incidence decreased from 2019 to 2020 across all age groups.
- Serotypes 4, 3, and 8 were the most common overall.
- Trends showed increasing prevalence of serotypes 4, 3, 8, and 12F from 2016-2020.
- Prevalence of PCV13 serotypes increased, as did multidrug-resistant IPD.
Conclusions:
- Despite a decrease in overall IPD incidence in 2020, specific serotypes (3, 4, 8, 12F) and multidrug resistance showed concerning increases.
- Continued national surveillance is crucial for monitoring evolving serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of IPD.
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