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    This study introduces bidirectional ghost imaging (BGI) for visualizing hidden objects in scattering media. BGI reconstructs clear images by combining data from both sides, even through thick scattering materials.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Image Reconstruction
    • Scattering Media Imaging

    Background:

    • Imaging through scattering media is challenging due to light diffusion.
    • Traditional methods struggle with thick or highly scattering environments.
    • Ghost imaging (GI) offers a potential solution but has limitations in scattering conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel ghost imaging method for high-quality imaging inside strongly scattering media.
    • To overcome the limitations of conventional GI in overcoming severe scattering effects.
    • To enable noninvasive imaging of hidden objects obscured by scattering.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing bidirectional ghost imaging (BGI) with separate GI acquisitions on both sides of the object.
    • Performing an autocorrelation operation on the two GI results to recover object information.
    • Determining the point spread function (PSF) of the scattering medium via noninvasive measurement or calculation.

    Main Results:

    • Successful reconstruction of high-quality images of hidden objects.
    • Demonstrated effectiveness of BGI, especially when the scattering medium's thickness significantly exceeds the scattering mean free path.
    • Validation through both simulation and experimental results.

    Conclusions:

    • Bidirectional ghost imaging (BGI) is a powerful technique for imaging through strongly scattering media.
    • The method provides superior image quality compared to existing techniques in challenging scattering conditions.
    • BGI offers a promising approach for noninvasive imaging applications in various scientific and industrial fields.