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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Accurate analysis of orbital angular momentum (OAM) distribution in vortex beams is essential for OAM-based technologies.
    • Characterizing multiplexed OAM beams, including their intensity and phase, is challenging but vital for advanced applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a deep residual network (DRN) for modeling the relationship between multiplexed OAM beam characteristics and their complex spectrum.
    • To achieve high-accuracy, real-time analysis of both intensity and phase terms of multiplexed OAM beams across a wide range of modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a deep residual network (DRN) architecture.
    • Training the DRN to correlate multiplexed OAM beam properties with their complex spectral information.
    • Experimental validation of the proposed method using vortex beams with varying OAM modes, intensities, and phase ratios.

    Main Results:

    • The DRN successfully obtained both intensity and phase terms of multiplexed OAM beams (complex spectrum).
    • High accuracy was achieved, with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.002 for intensity and 0.016 for phase.
    • The analysis was performed at real-time speed, with a response time of 0.020 seconds.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed DRN offers a novel and efficient approach for fast OAM complex spectrum analysis.
    • This method enables real-time diagnostic capabilities crucial for applications like ultrahigh-dimensional OAM tailoring.
    • The work paves the way for advancements in various fields requiring precise OAM beam characterization.