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Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
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Localized States in Active Fluids.

Luca Barberi1,2, Karsten Kruse1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|December 22, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Localized cellular patterns emerge spontaneously when active matter assembly is controlled by chemical species carried by active stress-driven flows. This mechanochemical process, driven by advection, reveals a new mechanism for pattern formation in biological systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics of active matter
  • Chemical reaction dynamics
  • Pattern formation in biological systems

Background:

  • Biological active matter dynamics are intrinsically linked to chemical reactions.
  • Assembly, disassembly, and stress generation in active matter are influenced by these chemical networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spontaneous emergence of localized states in active matter.
  • To understand the role of advection and chemical species in regulating active matter assembly.
  • To identify a generic mechanism for localized cellular pattern formation.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the interplay between active matter assembly and chemical reaction networks.
  • Analyzing the effect of advection driven by active stress gradients.
  • Investigating pattern formation through subcritical bifurcation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Localized states emerge spontaneously under specific conditions of advective coupling.
  • These mechanochemical patterns form via a subcritical bifurcation.
  • Patterns arise even for parameter values where they wouldn't exist without advective coupling.

Conclusions:

  • Advective coupling driven by active stress gradients provides a generic mechanism for localized pattern formation in active matter.
  • This mechanism is crucial for understanding cellular pattern development.
  • The findings highlight a novel link between fluid dynamics and chemical regulation in biological systems.