Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

925
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
925
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

983
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
983
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

25.9K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
25.9K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

656
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
656
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

958
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
958

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Learning Transitions in Classical Ising Models and Deformed Toric Codes.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Active Quantum Flocks.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Family-Vicsek universality of the binary intrinsic dimension of nonequilibrium data.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Roughening Dynamics of Interfaces in the Two-Dimensional Quantum Ising Model.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Association between dietary selenium intake and endometriosis risk: a cross-sectional analysis.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2025
Same author

Principal component analysis of absorbing state phase transitions.

Physical review. E·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.6K

Dynamical Localization Transition of String Breaking in Quantum Spin Chains.

Roberto Verdel1,2, Guo-Yi Zhu1,3, Markus Heyl1,4

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|December 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A dynamical localization transition explains why confining strings in gauge theories break either quickly or slowly. This mechanism, modeled via a quantum impurity system, offers insights into string fission dynamics.

More Related Videos

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light
09:19

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

Published on: July 29, 2013

11.5K
Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy
06:37

Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy

Published on: June 15, 2022

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.6K
Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light
09:19

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

Published on: July 29, 2013

11.5K
Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy
06:37

Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy

Published on: June 15, 2022

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • * Theoretical physics
  • * Quantum field theory
  • * Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • * The fission of strings connecting charges is a key phenomenon in confining gauge theories.
  • * Previous studies show string breaking dynamics exhibit dichotomy: fast decay or long persistence.
  • * The underlying mechanism for this dichotomy remains an open question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To introduce a dynamical localization transition as the mechanism behind string breaking dichotomy.
  • * To provide a general physical basis for understanding distinct string breaking regimes.
  • * To explore potential realization on quantum simulators.

Main Methods:

  • * Derivation of an effective string breaking description in the light-meson sector of a confined spin chain.
  • * Modeling the string breaking problem as a dynamical localization transition in Fock space.
  • * Reduction of the problem to a quantum impurity model with a meson bath.

Main Results:

  • * Identified fast and suppressed string breaking with delocalized and localized behaviors, respectively.
  • * Demonstrated that the quantum impurity model exhibits a localization-delocalization transition.
  • * Established a simple physical basis for the observed dichotomy in string breaking dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • * Dynamical localization transition is the mechanism underlying string fission dichotomy in confining gauge theories.
  • * The quantum impurity model provides a versatile framework for studying these phenomena.
  • * Findings are applicable to various confining lattice models and realizable on Rydberg quantum simulators.