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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Front-End Development for Radar Applications: A Focus on 24 GHz Transmitter Design.

Tahesin Samira Delwar1, Unal Aras1, Abrar Siddique2

  • 1Department of Smart Robot Convergence and Application Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.

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|December 23, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel 24 GHz radio frequency (RF) transmitter front-end using 65 nm CMOS technology for radar applications. The design achieves high output power and efficiency, advancing autonomous vehicle and remote sensing technologies.

Keywords:
24 GHzpower amplifierradartransmitter front-endup-conversion mixer

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Radio Frequency (RF) Engineering
  • Semiconductor Device Design

Background:

  • Growing demand for advanced radar systems necessitates high-performance transmitter front-ends.
  • The 24 GHz frequency band is crucial for emerging radar applications.
  • Existing CMOS technologies require optimization for 24 GHz RF front-end performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and analyze a 24 GHz RF transmitter (TX) front-end using 65 nm CMOS technology.
  • To integrate a high-linearity up-conversion mixer and a tunable power amplifier (PA).
  • To enhance mixer linearity using a novel duplex transconductance path (DTP) technique.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a Gilbert cell-based up-conversion mixer incorporating a duplex transconductance path (DTP) with primary (PTP) and secondary (STP) paths.
  • Implemented a Class AB tunable two-stage power amplifier (PA) using varactors for synchronous or stagger tuning.
  • Utilized 65 nm CMOS technology for the integrated TX front-end design operating at 24 GHz.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an output power of 11.7 dBm with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 47%.
  • Obtained a 1 dB compression point (OP1dB) of 10.5 dBm.
  • The TX front-end dissipated only 7.5 mW from a 1.2 V supply.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 24 GHz CMOS TX front-end demonstrates excellent performance metrics.
  • The novel DTP mixer design significantly enhances linearity.
  • The design has potential for advancing radar applications in autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and remote sensing.