Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Molecular Shapes

Molecular Shapes

Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions.

Beilstein journal of nanotechnology·2026

Same author

Unveiling surface dynamics: <i>in situ</i> oxidation of defective WS<sub>2</sub>.

Nanoscale·2025

Same author

Reactions of Hydrogen-Passivated Silicon Vacancies in <i>α</i>-Quartz with Electron Holes and Hydrogen.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Structure and Migration Mechanisms of Small Vacancy Clusters in Cu: A Combined EAM and DFT Study.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Same author

Difference in Structure and Electronic Properties of Oxygen Vacancies in <i>α</i>-Quartz and <i>α</i>-Cristobalite Phases of SiO<sub>2</sub>.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

On the Structure of Oxygen Deficient Amorphous Oxide Films.

Jack Strand^1,2, Alexander L Shluger^1,3

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|December 26, 2023

Summary

Defects in amorphous oxides, like oxygen vacancies, impact electronic devices. This study reveals oxygen deficiency creates deep defect states and unique bonding in amorphous alumina, challenging existing models.

Keywords:

amorphous oxide computer modeling defects

More Related Videos

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Published on: December 4, 2014

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Published on: December 4, 2014

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Physics
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Defects in amorphous oxide films are crucial for microelectronics and catalysis.
The analogy between point defects in amorphous solids and crystalline phases remains debated.
Oxygen deficiency is a key intrinsic defect in amorphous oxides.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically discuss the validity of defect models in amorphous oxides.
To investigate the effects of oxygen deficiency on amorphous alumina.
To compare defect structures and properties in amorphous versus crystalline oxides.

Main Methods:

Critical review of experimental and computational methods for studying intrinsic defects.
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations using non-local density functional theory.
Modeling the structure and electronic properties of oxygen-deficient amorphous alumina.

Main Results:

Oxygen deficiency in amorphous alumina forms deep defect states within the bandgap.
Stable defect states arise from bond formation between under-coordinated aluminum ions, beyond simple vacancy analogies.
Atomistic structures analogous to crystal vacancies were observed, but new bonding configurations were also identified.

Conclusions:

Existing defect models for amorphous oxides require refinement.
Oxygen deficiency introduces complex defect structures and electronic states in amorphous alumina.
Advanced computational methods are essential for accurate defect characterization in amorphous materials.