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RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON FIBROBLAST ACTIVATION PROTEIN INHIBITORS IN ONCOLOGICAL PRACTICE

D O Dzhuzha1, S D Myasoyedov2

  • 1Nonprofit Organization National Cancer Institute of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 33/43 Julia Zdanovska Str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine.

Problemy Radiatsiinoi Medytsyny Ta Radiobiolohii
|December 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

New fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors as radionuclide tracers show diagnostic efficacy in various cancers, comparable or superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT. These FAP inhibitors offer advantages for cancer diagnostics and therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry

Background:

  • Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment.
  • FAP inhibitors (FAPI) represent a novel class of radionuclide tracers with potential for both diagnosis and therapy.
  • Current diagnostic methods like 18F-FDG PET/CT have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of FAP inhibitors as radionuclide tracers in oncology.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of FAPI-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) compared to existing methods.
  • To explore the advantages of FAPI radiopharmaceuticals (RP) in cancer diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on FAP inhibitors and their application in radionuclide imaging.
  • Comparison of diagnostic performance of FAPI PET/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT.
  • Analysis of FAPI radiopharmaceuticals' characteristics and potential benefits.

Main Results:

  • FAPI can be labeled with various radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
  • FAPI PET/CT demonstrates diagnostic efficacy similar to or superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT in diverse cancers.
  • FAPI RP offer advantages over 18F-FDG, including no special preparation, fast imaging, high contrast, and increased sensitivity in certain metabolic regions.

Conclusions:

  • FAPI PET/CT is a promising addition to conventional oncology diagnostics across all stages.
  • FAPI PET/CT can be particularly valuable when 18F-FDG is unsuitable.
  • Further prospective studies are needed to fully assess FAPI RP efficacy and establish clinical indications.

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