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Updated: Jul 6, 2025
Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis
Published on: May 5, 2023
SARS-CoV-2 induced vascular endothelial dysfunction: direct or indirect effects?
Kathy O Lui1, Zhangjing Ma1, Stefanie Dimmeler2
1Department of Chemical Pathology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, New Territories, 999077 Hong Kong, China.
COVID-19 and long-COVID patients show endothelial dysfunction, but the cause—direct infection or inflammation—is debated. This review explores ACE2 expression and alternative mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2-induced vascular issues.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Infectious Diseases
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Endothelial dysfunction is prevalent in COVID-19 and long-COVID.
- The role of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection versus systemic inflammation in endothelial damage is unclear.
- SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 expression varies across vascular cells.
Conclusions:
- Understanding SARS-CoV-2's impact on the endothelium requires considering both ACE2-dependent and independent pathways.
- Targeting vascular dysfunction mechanisms may improve treatments for cardiovascular complications of COVID-19.
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