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Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

Tailoring Interlayer Chiral Exchange by Azimuthal Symmetry Engineering.

Yu-Hao Huang¹, Jui-Hsu Han¹, Wei-Bang Liao¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

|January 2, 2024

Summary

Researchers developed a method to tune interlayer DMI for spintronic devices. This technique enables field-free magnetization switching in magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), paving the way for advanced memory technologies.

Keywords:

interlayer Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya interaction magnetic random-access memory magnetization switching oblique angle deposition synthetic antiferromagnet

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Spintronics

Background:

Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is crucial for chiral spin textures in spintronic devices.
Existing research has focused on observing interlayer DMI, with limited strategies for controlling its magnitude.
Controlling interlayer DMI is essential for practical applications like magnetic random-access memory (MRAM).

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel protocol for engineering and controlling interlayer DMI magnitude.
To demonstrate the application of this protocol in achieving field-free spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching.
To provide guidelines for manipulating interlayer DMI for future spintronic device designs.

Main Methods:

Developed an azimuthal symmetry engineering protocol.
Utilized wedge deposition of separate layers to tune interlayer DMI.
Investigated field-free SOT magnetization switching in orthogonally magnetized and synthetic antiferromagnetically coupled systems.

Main Results:

Successfully demonstrated additive/subtractive tuning of interlayer DMI magnitude.
Achieved field-free SOT magnetization switching in relevant material systems.
Showcased suppression of spatial inhomogeneity through specific azimuthal engineering designs.

Conclusions:

The developed protocol offers effective manipulation of interlayer DMI strength.
Findings are beneficial for the future design of SOT-MRAM and other spintronic devices utilizing interlayer DMI.
Azimuthal symmetry engineering provides a pathway for practical implementation of controlled DMI.