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Related Concept Videos

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

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The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

An Available Technique for Preparation of New Cast MnCuNiFeZnAl Alloy with Superior Damping Capacity and High Service Temperature
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Negative mixing enthalpy solid solutions deliver high strength and ductility.

Zibing An1, Ang Li1, Shengcheng Mao2

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.

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This study introduces a HfNbTiVAl alloy with exceptional yield strength and tensile ductility, overcoming limitations in refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) for demanding applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Solid-state Physics

Background:

  • Refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) offer high yield strength for structural applications.
  • Limited tensile ductility at room temperature hinders MPEA processability and scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a MPEA with a synergistic combination of ultrahigh yield strength and large tensile ductility.
  • To investigate the microstructural mechanisms responsible for enhanced mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Compositional design of a HfNbTiVAl alloy.
  • Mechanical testing, including tensile tests at room temperature.
  • Microstructural analysis to investigate hierarchical chemical fluctuations (HCFs) and dislocation behavior.

Main Results:

  • The HfNbTiVAl alloy exhibits a yield strength of approximately 1,390 MPa and tensile ductility of about 20%.
  • Addition of aluminum promotes a negative mixing enthalpy solid solution and hierarchical chemical fluctuations (HCFs).
  • HCFs create diffusive boundaries that impede dislocation motion, leading to delayed plastic instability and enhanced ductility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HfNbTiVAl alloy achieves an unprecedented synergy of high strength and ductility.
  • Hierarchical chemical fluctuations are key to accommodating plastic deformation in MPEAs.
  • This research provides insights for designing advanced MPEAs with superior mechanical properties.