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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Action prediction in psychosis.

Noemi Montobbio1,2, Enrico Zingarelli1, Federica Folesani3

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Individuals with psychosis show impaired prediction of others' actions, integrating sensory evidence later and less effectively. This difficulty correlates with negative symptoms and social functioning deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Aberrant predictive processing, particularly in motor-sensory functions, is linked to psychosis symptoms.
  • Reduced attenuation of self-generated sensations and misattribution of actions are key features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate abnormal perception and prediction of others' actions in individuals with psychosis.
  • To explore how psychosis affects the integration of visual information during action observation.

Main Methods:

  • A two-alternative object size discrimination task was used with patients with psychosis and matched controls.
  • Varying levels of temporal occlusion (10-80%) were applied during observation of reaching actions.
  • A novel analytic approach assessed evidence integration with single-trial resolution.

Main Results:

  • Patients with psychosis demonstrated reduced and discontinuous evidence integration compared to controls.
  • A significant period of null integration (up to 20% occlusion) was observed in the psychosis group.
  • Reduced accuracy in early visual evidence integration was not associated with lower confidence.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with psychosis exhibit deficits in predicting others' actions, specifically in integrating visual cues early in an observed movement.
  • These action prediction difficulties are linked to negative symptoms and impaired social functioning.
  • Findings suggest broader impairments in predictive coding extending to the perception of external actions.