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Tailoring MXene Thickness and Functionalization for Enhanced Room-Temperature Trace NO2 Sensing.

Muhammad Hilal1,2, Woochul Yang3, Yongha Hwang4

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|January 12, 2024
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Summary

Researchers precisely controlled titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) flake thickness and termination using a hybrid method. Iodine functionalization significantly improved electrical conductivity, environmental stability, and NO2 gas-sensing performance of the 2D material.

Keywords:
Controlled MXene thicknessEnhanced MXene stabilityGaseous functionalization approachLower electronegativity functional groupsTrace NO2 sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials like titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) offer unique properties but often suffer from poor environmental stability and limited gas-sensing capabilities.
  • Precise control over flake thickness and surface functionalization is crucial for optimizing MXene's performance in electronic and sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve precise control over the thickness and termination of Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes.
  • To enhance the electrical properties, environmental stability, and gas-sensing performance of MXene through controlled functionalization.
  • To investigate the impact of iodine functionalization on MXene's characteristics and NO2 sensing capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid method combining high-pressure processing, stirring, and immiscible solutions was used to produce sub-100 nm Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes.
  • Defunctionalization of MXene at 650 °C under vacuum and H2, followed by refunctionalization via iodine and bromine vaporization.
  • Characterization of functionalized MXene (I-MXene) for surface area, oxidation stability, conductivity, and NO2 gas-sensing performance.

Main Results:

  • Sub-100 nm Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes were successfully synthesized with controlled thickness and termination.
  • Iodine functionalization significantly improved surface area (36.2 cm2 g-1), oxidation stability (21 days aqueous/80 days ambient), and film conductivity (749 S m-1).
  • I-MXene demonstrated enhanced NO2 gas-sensing performance, including high sensitivity (0.1119 Ω ppm-1), rapid response/recovery times (90/100 s), and improved selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Precise control over MXene flake thickness and termination, particularly with iodine functionalization, dramatically enhances its electrical and environmental stability.
  • Iodine-terminated MXene exhibits superior performance for NO2 gas sensing due to reduced shielding effects and inherent metallic properties.
  • This functionalization strategy offers a promising pathway for developing stable, high-performance 2D materials for advanced gas-sensing applications.