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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
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Shorter antitubercular therapy for extrapulmonary tuberculosis - a case report.

Diviya Bharathi Ravikumar1, Barath Prashanth Sivasubramanian2, Ankur Singla3

  • 1Internal Medicine University: ESIC MC and PGIMSR, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|January 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a young male with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) presenting as pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Early diagnosis and shorter treatment courses for EPTB are effective in developing nations.

Keywords:
Case reportCommon variable immunodeficiency diseasePericardial effusionTamponadeTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses a significant health and economic challenge, particularly in developing countries.
  • Pericardial effusion is a serious complication of EPTB that can lead to cardiac tamponade.
  • Early diagnosis and effective management strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old male presented with symptoms of fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and acute kidney injury.
  • Echocardiogram revealed left ventricular dysfunction and moderate pericardial effusion with signs of cardiac tamponade.
  • Diagnosis of pericardial tuberculosis was confirmed by pericardiocentesis and fluid analysis showing acid-fast bacilli.

Findings:

  • The patient was treated with a shorter-than-recommended course of standard antitubercular therapy (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol).
  • Serial echocardiograms demonstrated improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and resolution of pericardial effusion.
  • Concurrent evaluation revealed common variable immunodeficiency disease, managed with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis of cardiac tamponade in EPTB.
  • Shorter treatment durations for EPTB may be feasible and effective in resource-limited settings.
  • Co-existing immunodeficiency disorders should be considered in patients with recurrent infections and EPTB.