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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

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The Gene Editing Juggernaut is Picking Up Speed.

Jim Banks

    IEEE Pulse
    |January 17, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology precisely cuts DNA for natural repair. This Nobel Prize-winning innovation, developed in 2012, is rapidly transforming gene manipulation from science fiction to reality.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Biotechnology

    Background:

    • CRISPR-Cas9 technology enables precise DNA cutting for gene editing.
    • Pioneers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna received the 2020 Nobel Prize for its development.
    • The foundational breakthroughs occurred in 2012.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the advancements and impact of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.
    • To discuss the rapid evolution of gene manipulation techniques.
    • To underscore the transition of gene editing from theoretical to practical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizes the CRISPR-Cas9 system for targeted DNA cleavage.
    • Leverages endogenous DNA repair mechanisms for desired genetic modifications.

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  • Builds upon the initial discoveries and subsequent research in the field.

    • Main Results:

    • CRISPR-Cas9 has become a powerful and precise gene editing tool.
    • Gene manipulation techniques have progressed significantly since 2012.
    • Previously theoretical gene editing concepts are now achievable.

    Conclusions:

    • CRISPR-Cas9 technology represents a major scientific advancement.
    • The field of gene editing is rapidly evolving with practical applications emerging.
    • The technology's impact is transforming biological research and therapeutic possibilities.