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Major Drug Resistance Mutations on Reverse Transcriptase Gene in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 in Indonesia: A
Nurjannah1,2, Sri Jayanti3, Francisca Srioetami Tanoerahardjo1
1Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|January 20, 2024
Summary
HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are increasing in Indonesia, particularly in the reverse transcriptase gene. Monitoring these mutations is crucial for effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- HIV-1 prevalence and drug resistance are rising in Indonesia.
- Mutations in the pol gene contribute to HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review major drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in the reverse transcriptase (RT) of the pol gene in Indonesian HIV-1 cases.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of eleven articles published between 2015-2020 reporting DRMs in Indonesian HIV-1 subjects.
- Analysis of DRM prevalence, specific mutations (M184I/V, K103N), HIV-1 subtypes (CRF01_AE), and regional variations.
Main Results:
- Prevalence of major DRMs in the RT gene ranged from 3.4% to 34%.
- CRF01_AE was the predominant subtype. Major DRMs were higher in ART-experienced (22.1%) than ART-naïve (4.4%) individuals.
- M184I/V (10.5%) and K103N (6.4%) were the most prevalent NRTI and NNRTI mutations, respectively. North Sulawesi showed the highest DRM prevalence (21.1%).
Conclusions:
- Significant regional variations in HIV-1 DRMs necessitate ongoing monitoring of ART effectiveness in Indonesia.
- Further research is essential to understand and combat the emergence of DRMs in Indonesian HIV-1 patients.
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