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Linking D-Dimer and haematological parameters among Indian COVID 19 patients
Rashmi Gs Basavaraj1, Ravikumar B Malladad2, Ratnakar Ashwini3
1Department of Pathology, Haveri Institute of Medical Sciences, Haveri, Karnataka, India.
Insights
Hematological parameters like white blood cells (WBCs) and hemoglobin, along with D-dimer levels, are crucial indicators for assessing COVID-19 severity and patient outcomes. These markers help predict disease progression and potential complications.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Medicine
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic significantly impacts healthcare systems globally.
- Identifying reliable biomarkers for COVID-19 severity and prognosis is essential for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the role of D-dimer and various hematological parameters in determining COVID-19 severity and patient outcomes.
- To compare these parameters between newly diagnosed patients and those followed up for six months.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 100 COVID-19 patients, divided into newly diagnosed and 6-month follow-up groups.
- Analysis of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and D-dimer levels.
- Statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0, including correlation studies with CT values.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in mean WBCs and hemoglobin levels were observed between the groups (p < 0.001).
- PT and APTT were significantly higher in newly diagnosed patients compared to the follow-up group (p < 0.001).
- Positive correlations were found between WBCs, PT, APTT, and D-dimer; negative correlations with RBCs, Hb, and CT values (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Low platelet counts, elevated D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels may indicate increased COVID-19 severity.
- COVID-19 patients are at risk of anemia-related complications such as hypoxia and organ failure due to low Hb.
- Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients can lead to bleeding complications.
Abstract:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak continues to place a significant strain on healthcare systems, economies, and patient management. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the role of D-Dimer and haematological parameters to identify severity and outcome of COVID 19 patients. Total 100 cases diagnosed with COVID 19 were recruited in the study and followed up for 6 months. The subjects were grouped into 2, Group 1: Newly Diagnosed COVID 19 Patients and Group 2: After 6 months of follow up COVID 19 Patients. We analyzed Hb, RBCs, WBCs, PT, APTT and D-Dimer and also, we taken CT values of the study subjects. A statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.0. The WBCs and haemoglobin mean values are shown significant values between the study subjects, respectively with p-values < 0.001**. The PT and APTT significantly increased in newly diagnosed COVID 19 patients when compared to after 6 months of follow up at p-value < 0.001**. There was a positive correlation of WBCs, PT, APTT (r= 0.458, 526, 509) with D-Dimer and negatively correlated RBCS, Hb, CT (-0.056, 321, 526, 353), respectively at p < 0.001**. Thus, low platelet, high d-dimer, and fibrinogen may serve as risk markers for the progression of COVID-19 severity. Hence, COVID-19 patients may experience anaemia-related consequences as hypoxia, coronary and pulmonary failure due to low Hb concentration. Further, patients with COVID-19 also experience bleeding issues due to thrombocytopenia.
