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Developmental Associations between Cognition and Adaptive Behavior in Intellectual and Developmental Disability
Andrew Dakopolos1, Emma Condy2, Elizabeth Smith3
1University of California Davis MIND Institute.
Research Square
|January 23, 2024
Summary
Developmental improvements in cognition and adaptive behavior are linked in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). Enhanced daily living skills correlate with cognitive gains, suggesting intervention potential.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) involve cognitive and adaptive functioning challenges.
- Individuals with IDD often experience difficulties impacting independence and daily living skills.
- This study investigated longitudinal changes in cognition and adaptive behavior over two years.
Approach:
- A multisite longitudinal study included participants aged 6-26 with intellectual disability (ID).
- Bivariate latent change score (BLCS) models analyzed changes in cognitive (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery) and adaptive behavior (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3) domains.
- Three groups were recruited: fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and idiopathic ID.
Key Points:
- Cognitive changes (crystallized and composite) positively associated with changes in daily living skills over two years.
- Baseline cognitive levels predicted adaptive behavior growth.
- Baseline adaptive behavior did not predict cognitive growth.
Conclusions:
- Developmental gains in cognition and adaptive behavior are associated in youth with IDD.
- Improvements in Daily Living Skills (DLS) on the VABS-3 were particularly linked to cognitive improvements.
- This supports the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) as a valid outcome measure for IDD.
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