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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

Published on: February 3, 2021

Sublimed C₆₀ for efficient and repeatable perovskite-based solar cells.

Ahmed A Said¹, Erkan Aydin², Esma Ugur³

¹King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ahmedali.ahmed@kaust.edu.sa.

Nature Communications

|January 24, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Impurities in C60 electron transport layers cause perovskite solar cell performance issues. Purifying C60 via sublimation ensures reproducible high performance in perovskite photovoltaics and tandem solar cells.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Photovoltaics
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Fullerenes, specifically C60, are critical electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells.
Reproducibility is essential for the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of C60 source material quality on the reproducibility of perovskite solar cell performance.
To identify the cause of performance degradation in repeated device fabrication.

Main Methods:

Thermal evaporation of C60 with varying purity levels.
Fabrication and characterization of perovskite solar cells and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.
Analysis of C60 material properties and perovskite device performance metrics.

Main Results:

Commercial C60 (99.75% purity) coalesces during repeated thermal evaporation due to oxygen impurities, leading to deep states and reduced solar cell performance.
Sublimation purification of C60 to 99.95% prevents coalescence, enabling fully reproducible device performance.
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells fabricated with purified C60 maintained high open-circuit voltages (1950 mV) and fill factors (81%) over eight repeated processes, with one cell achieving 30.9% power conversion efficiency.

Conclusions:

Oxygen impurities in C60 are detrimental to perovskite solar cell reproducibility.
Sublimation is a critical purification step for C60 to ensure consistent performance in scaled perovskite photovoltaic manufacturing.
High-performance and reproducible perovskite solar cells are achievable with purified C60, paving the way for industrialization.