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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Type 1 Diabetes Screening and Diagnosis.

Patricia Gomez1, Janine Sanchez2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, Suite 3044A, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|January 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with concerning symptoms or a family history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) should be screened. Universal screening may be beneficial with new therapies, utilizing various tools for T1D staging and progression prediction.

Keywords:
T1D diagnosisT1D screeningT1D screening programsT1D staging and risk of progression

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition requiring timely diagnosis.
  • Individuals with a family history or specific genetic markers are at higher risk.
  • Emerging therapies aim to delay T1D progression, highlighting the need for early detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the importance of screening for type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • To discuss risk factors and screening strategies for T1D.
  • To review diagnostic tools and risk prediction for T1D progression.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of individuals with concerning signs or symptoms for T1D.
  • Risk assessment based on family history and high-risk genes.
  • Utilizing various diagnostic tools, including oral glucose tolerance tests and risk score calculations, for T1D staging.

Main Results:

  • Screening is recommended for symptomatic individuals and those at increased genetic or familial risk.
  • Risk score calculations enhance the prediction of T1D progression.
  • Alternative tools to oral glucose tolerance tests are available when needed.

Conclusions:

  • Early evaluation and screening are crucial for individuals at risk of T1D.
  • Universal screening should be considered for early intervention with new therapies.
  • Regular re-testing is advised for individuals without overt diabetes symptoms.