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Difunctional Microelectrode Arrays for Single-Cell Electrical Stimulation and pH Detection.

Yuan Gao1, Bing Yin1, Xiaobo Liu1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.

Analytical Chemistry
|January 26, 2024
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Summary

Electrical stimulation (ES) impacts cells, but individual cancer cell responses remain unclear. This study monitored extracellular pH changes in single cells after impulse electrostimulation (IES), revealing that shorter intervals and higher potentials enhance stimulation for tumor therapy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cellular Electrophysiology
  • Nanomaterials for Biosensing

Background:

  • Electrical stimulation (ES) is utilized for cell regulation and clinical treatments.
  • Cancer cell heterogeneity limits understanding of individual cell responses to ES.
  • Single-cell extracellular pH change (ΔpHe) detection is crucial for ES in tumor therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor single-cell ΔpHe after periodic impulse electrostimulation (IES) in situ.
  • To investigate the effect of IES parameters (interval, potential) on cellular ΔpHe.
  • To assess the capability of polyaniline (PANI)-modified microelectrode arrays for single-cell ES and detection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a polyaniline (PANI)-modified gold microelectrode array for in situ monitoring.
  • Applied periodic impulse electrostimulation (IES) with varying intervals and potentials.
  • Measured cellular extracellular pH change (ΔpHe) at the single-cell level.

Main Results:

  • The PANI sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (53.68 mV/pH) and linearity (R² = 0.999) within the pH range of 5.55-7.41.
  • Cellular ΔpHe varied with IES intervals and stimulation potentials.
  • Shorter pulse intervals and higher stimulation potentials enhanced stimulation and increased cellular ΔpHe.
  • Insufficient stimulus strength, even at higher potentials with long intervals, resulted in no significant ΔpHe.

Conclusions:

  • PANI-modified microelectrode arrays can effectively stimulate and detect single-cell responses to ES.
  • IES parameters significantly influence cellular ΔpHe.
  • This technology advances the application of ES in tumor therapy by enabling single-cell analysis.