The Impact of Comorbidities and Demographic Factors on Ejection Fraction

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Gerontology

Background:

• Heart failure (HF) is a growing concern, particularly in aging populations.
• Gender disparities in HF morbidity and mortality suggest varied underlying causes.
• Understanding factors influencing ejection fraction (EF) is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of demographic factors and comorbidities on ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure patients.
• To identify key predictors of EF to guide preventive measures, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
• To enhance prognostic outcomes for individuals with heart failure.

Main Methods:

• Linear regression analysis was employed to assess the influence of various factors on EF.
• Demographic variables included gender and education level.
• Comorbidities examined were valvulopathy, ischemia, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, and diabetes.

Main Results:

• Higher education was associated with a significant improvement in EF (12.8% increase).
• Ischemia demonstrated the most detrimental effect, reducing EF by 12.8%.
• Smoking, obesity, and high cholesterol showed smaller negative impacts; diabetes did not significantly affect EF.

Conclusions:

• Educational attainment and specific comorbidities like ischemia significantly influence ejection fraction in heart failure.
• These findings underscore the importance of considering socioeconomic and clinical factors in HF management.
• Personalized interventions targeting risk factors can potentially improve heart failure prognosis.