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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Published on: May 15, 2014

Monkeypox: Can we count on the current smallpox immunization?

Fengwei Zhang¹, Zili Chai¹, Xia Wang¹

¹Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.

|January 26, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Smallpox vaccines offer protection against monkeypox, but new research reveals significant antigen changes in recent monkeypox strains. These alterations within critical B cell epitopes may impact vaccine effectiveness.

Keywords:

Antigenic substitution Monkeypox vaccines Smallpox vaccines

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

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Published on: December 23, 2016

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Approved vaccines like ACAM 2000 and JYNNEOS aid monkeypox epidemic management.
Smallpox vaccination shows ~88.8% protection against monkeypox, but current vaccines induce low neutralizing antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare antigens between 2022-2023 monkeypox strains and smallpox vaccine strains.
To assess potential impacts of observed antigenic variations on vaccine efficacy.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive comparative analysis of 27 antigens (core and envelope proteins) between monkeypox and smallpox vaccine strains.
Identification and quantification of amino acid substitutions, particularly within B cell epitopes.

Main Results:

Significant amino acid changes were detected in all 27 analyzed antigens.
Amino acid substitutions within B cell epitopes were found in 26 of 27 antigens.
Over half of antigen substitutions occurred within B cell epitopes in 20 of 26 analyzed antigens.

Conclusions:

Recent monkeypox strains exhibit considerable antigenic divergence from smallpox vaccine strains.
Widespread substitutions in B cell epitopes raise concerns about the efficacy of existing vaccines against current monkeypox strains.