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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

127
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
127

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Xylazine Use Among People Who Inject Drugs, Philadelphia 2022.

Marissa Tan1, Tanner Nassau, Danica Kuncio

  • 1From the Division of Workforce Development, Epidemiology Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (MT); Division of HIV Health, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (MT, TN, DT, KAB); Division of Disease Control Hepatitis, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (MT, DK); and Division of Substance Use Prevention and Harm Reduction, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (MT, DH, DTS).

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This summary is machine-generated.

Xylazine is commonly found in illicit opioids in Philadelphia. Its use among persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) is linked to homelessness, polysubstance use, overdose history, and hepatitis C infection, despite most PWIDs preferring not to use it.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Substance Use Research

Background:

  • Xylazine is frequently detected in illicit opioid supplies in Philadelphia.
  • Its co-use with opioids raises significant public health concerns, including wound complications, infectious diseases, and overdose risks.
  • Understanding xylazine's prevalence and associated risks among persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify individuals at risk for xylazine use and its associated health issues.
  • To inform patients and clinicians about xylazine-related risk factors.
  • To compare characteristics of xylazine users versus non-users and explore preferences among users.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Survey among PWIDs in Philadelphia.
  • Compared demographic and behavioral characteristics between xylazine users and non-users.
  • Analyzed preferences for xylazine use among those who reported using it.

Main Results:

  • Xylazine use is common among PWIDs in Philadelphia, though most individuals express a preference against its use.
  • Compared to non-users, xylazine users were significantly more likely to experience homelessness, polysubstance use, overdose history, and hepatitis C virus infection (P < 0.05).
  • Individuals who used xylazine discordantly (i.e., did not prefer it) showed lower preference for fentanyl and heroin, and reduced use of syringe service programs (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Public health initiatives should investigate xylazine's use and health impacts within their regions.
  • Support for point-of-care testing and drug-checking surveillance is recommended.
  • Raising awareness about xylazine's presence in the illicit drug supply is essential for harm reduction efforts.