Lung toxicity induced by anti-HER2 antibody - drug conjugates for breast cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pulmonology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a key target in breast cancer therapy.
• Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer targeted delivery of chemotherapy, reducing systemic toxicity.
• Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-Dxd) are effective anti-HER2 ADCs for breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with anti-HER2 ADCs in breast cancer.
• To summarize the potential pathogenesis of ADC-induced ILD.
• To explore current diagnostic and treatment strategies for ILD in this context.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological data on ILD in patients treated with anti-HER2 ADCs.
• Synthesis of current understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of ILD.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches for managing ILD.

Main Results:

• Anti-HER2 ADCs, while effective, are associated with a significant risk of potentially fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD).
• Emerging epidemiological data highlight the incidence and characteristics of ILD in breast cancer patients receiving these therapies.
• Understanding pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective management strategies.

Conclusions:

• Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a critical safety concern for anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer.
• Further research into pathogenesis is needed to refine diagnostic and treatment protocols for ILD.
• Close monitoring and proactive management are essential for patients receiving anti-HER2 ADCs.