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    Synthetic aperture Ladar (SAL) systems face vibration-induced image degradation. This study introduces a novel method using triangular interferometry to estimate and compensate for vibration errors, significantly improving SAL imaging resolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical engineering
    • Signal processing
    • Remote sensing

    Background:

    • Synthetic aperture Ladar (SAL) offers high-resolution imaging for ground and space observation.
    • SAL systems are highly sensitive to micron-level vibrations, causing azimuth defocusing and range cell migration.
    • Existing methods struggle to effectively mitigate vibration-induced errors in SAL.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust method for estimating and compensating vibration errors in SAL systems.
    • To address azimuth defocusing and range cell migration caused by environmental vibrations.
    • To enhance the resolution and quality of SAL imagery.

    Main Methods:

    • A de-chirp signal model was established for vibration environments.
    • A two-stage (or one-stage for specific scenarios) interferometry method using triangular frequency modulated continuous wave (T-FMCW) signals was employed to estimate instantaneous frequency shifts caused by vibrations.
    • A vibration compensation filter was designed based on the estimated instantaneous frequency.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method effectively estimates and compensates for vibration errors, eliminating range cell migration and azimuthal phase errors.
    • Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in SAL imaging resolution compared to conventional methods.
    • The technique proved effective in both scenarios with and without obvious range cell migration.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed vibration estimation and compensation method enhances SAL imaging performance.
    • This approach offers a superior solution for mitigating vibration effects in high-resolution SAL applications.
    • The method holds potential for improving ground and space target observation using SAL technology.