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Related Concept Videos

Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

820
Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge01:15

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

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The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in...
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High-temperature strain sensor based on sapphire fiber Bragg grating.

Jun He, Zhuoda Li, Xizhen Xu

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    Sapphire fiber Bragg grating (SFBG) strain sensors are stable below 1200°C. This study identifies the critical plastic deformation temperature, ensuring reliable high-temperature strain measurements for industrial applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Sapphire fiber Bragg gratings (SFBGs) offer high-temperature strain sensing capabilities due to their high melting point.
    • Long-term stability data for SFBGs under high temperature with applied strain is limited.
    • Understanding plastic deformation is crucial for reliable SFBG sensor operation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the critical temperature point of plastic deformation in SFBGs.
    • To evaluate the long-term stability and operational limits of SFBG strain sensors at elevated temperatures.
    • To demonstrate the reliability of SFBG strain sensors below 1200°C.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental investigation of SFBG topography and spectral characteristics at various temperatures (25°C, 1180°C, 1600°C) with applied strain.
    • Analysis of Bragg wavelength shift, spectral broadening, and physical deformation post-testing.
    • Conducting strain experiments at 25°C, 800°C, and 1100°C to assess measurement accuracy.

    Main Results:

    • SFBG exhibits plastic deformation and irreversible elongation at 1600°C, evidenced by reduced diameter and extended grating period.
    • A redshift and broadening of the reflection peak were observed at 1600°C over 8 hours.
    • SFBG strain sensors demonstrated stable and reliable operation below 1200°C with high linearity (R² > 0.99) and low error (<15 µε).

    Conclusions:

    • SFBG strain sensors can operate reliably up to 1200°C.
    • Plastic deformation occurs above 1200°C, limiting the operational temperature range.
    • SFBGs are a promising technology for high-temperature strain sensing in demanding environments like power plants and aerospace.