[Research advances in immunosenescence and inflammation in lung diseases]

The world's population is ageing at a rate unprecedented in human history. As the number of older people increases, so does the prevalence of lung disease in the elderly, making it essential to understand the pathophysiology of elderly patients with lung disease. Age-related changes in immune system function and lung parenchyma occur throughout a person's life. Immunosenescence refers to the tendency for innate and adaptive immunity to decline in the elderly. As we age, changes in the innate and adaptive immune systems can lead to dysregulation and reduced immune function. A low-level chronic inflammatory state is known as inflamm-aging and is driven by immunosenescence. This review discusses the role of immunosenescence and inflamm-aging in pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and lung infections. Understanding the different manifestations of lung diseases between the elderly and the young, finding new therapeutic sites, or improving clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients will provide clinicians with new ideas.