Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

In the domain of radio communication, the significance of impedance matching must be considered. It is crucial to ensure the efficient transmission of signals between radio transmitters and receivers. Achieving this balance involves using impedance-matching circuits, with one fundamental configuration comprising a resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
The process of harmonizing these impedances begins with a clear understanding of the input and output signals. Once these signals are known, the...

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A new method for optimal placement of tumor treating fields electrodes.

Neuro-oncology advances·2026

Same author

Generalist large language models complement tailor-made predictors for tumor genomics interpretation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Standardizing TMS Intensity Across Different Coils Using Individualized Electric Field Modeling.

Human brain mapping·2026

Same author

Cellular Mechanisms of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Climbing Fibers and Purkinje Neurons in the Cerebellum.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Connectivity-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dopamine system: A proof-of-concept study.

Brain stimulation·2026

Same author

Experimental Validation of Finite Element Models for Directional DBS: The Critical Role of Boundary Conditions on VTA Accuracy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment

Published on: May 18, 2021

An adaptive h-refinement method for the boundary element fast multipole method for quasi-static electromagnetic

William A Wartman¹, Konstantin Weise^2,3, Manas Rachh⁴

¹Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Inst., Worcester, MA 01609 United States of America.

Physics in Medicine and Biology

|February 5, 2024

Summary

Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) significantly reduces modeling errors in transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and electroencephalography (EEG) simulations. This method improves accuracy for brain stimulation and neurophysiological recordings.

Keywords:

adaptive mesh refinement boundary element fast multipole method boundary element method electroencephalography fast multipole method transcranial electrical stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation

More Related Videos

A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials

A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials

Published on: May 18, 2015

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

Published on: May 15, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment

Published on: May 18, 2021

A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials

A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials

Published on: May 18, 2015

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

Published on: May 15, 2021

Area of Science:

Computational neuroscience
Biomedical engineering
Electrophysiology

Background:

Standard multi-compartment head models can produce significant errors in electric field and potential calculations.
These errors impact the accuracy of modeling brain stimulation and neurophysiological recordings.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify modeling errors in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), and electroencephalography (EEG) forward problems.
To eliminate these errors using an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm.

Main Methods:

An AMR method was developed and investigated using the boundary element method with fast multipole acceleration (BEM-FMM).
The AMR method efficiently allocates additional computational resources to critical model areas.
Accuracy was assessed on head models from the Human Connectome Project for TES, TMS, and EEG.

Main Results:

The adaptively-refined solutions showed excellent agreement with a 'silver-standard' solution.
AMR proved vital for accurate TES and EEG modeling, reducing average errors exceeding 60% with <25% increase in mesh elements.
Significant improvements were observed for transcranial electrical stimulation and electroencephalography.

Conclusions:

AMR effectively eliminates substantial modeling errors in head models for brain stimulation and neurophysiological recordings.
Accurate modeling is crucial for applications like transcranial electrical stimulation dosing and electroencephalography lead field analysis.
The AMR approach is expected to be applicable to other numerical modeling packages for electromagnetic simulations.