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The study reveals that while local amenity access significantly influences "15-minute city" living, residents typically only make 14% of trips locally. This highlights a potential trade-off between local living and socio-economic equity.

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Planning
  • Transportation Geography
  • Socio-economic Studies

Background:

  • Rising urban congestion and transport emissions drive interest in the "15-minute city" concept.
  • Previous research focused on amenity access, neglecting the link to actual resident behavior.
  • A behavioral measure is needed to assess the viability of local living.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and measure "15-minute usage" based on local trip behavior.
  • To quantify the relationship between local amenity access and "15-minute usage".
  • To explore the socio-economic implications of increased local living.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GPS data from 40 million US mobile devices to track local trip behavior.
  • Defined "15-minute usage" as the proportion of consumption trips within a 15-minute walk.
  • Employed statistical analysis to correlate amenity access with usage, and analyzed historical zoning data.

Main Results:

  • The median resident makes only 14% of daily consumption trips locally.
  • Amenity access variations explain 84% of cross-urban and 74% of intra-urban "15-minute usage" differences.
  • Historical zoning data suggest a causal link between local access and usage.

Conclusions:

  • Local amenity access is a strong predictor of "15-minute city" potential.
  • Achieving higher local living may exacerbate experienced segregation for low-income populations.
  • Urban planning must consider equity to successfully implement "15-minute city" models.